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India and Russia’s recent agreement on the procurement and production of Igla-S man-portable air defense systems (MANPADS) marks a significant defence gateway milestone.In India’s ongoing efforts to modernize its defense capabilities and reduce its reliance on foreign arms imports. The iglas, an upgraded version of the Soviet-era Igla missile, boasts enhanced accuracy, reliability, and resistance to countermeasures, making it a formidable addition to India’s air defense arsenal. In this article, we delve into the technical specifications, reasons behind India’s selection, the benefits, as well as potential challenges and risks associated with the Igla-S missiles deal.
Unraveling the Technical Aspects of Igla-S Missiles
The Igla-S is a short-range, shoulder-fired surface-to-air missile designed to engage low-flying targets, including fighter jets, bombers, helicopters, drones, and cruise missiles, under diverse weather conditions and at any time of day. Its key features showcase its advanced capabilities:
Impressive Range and Altitude
With a range of up to six kilometers and an altitude capability of three kilometers, the Igla-S covers a significant portion of the airspace used by potential adversaries.
Swift Speed
Fitted with a two-stage solid-fuel rocket motor, the missile can reach speeds exceeding 600 meters per second, making it highly challenging for adversaries to evade or intercept.
Precision Guidance
Equipped with a passive infrared seeker, the Igla-S can lock onto the heat signature of a target, guiding the missile without external assistance.
Lethal Warhead
Sporting a high-explosive fragmentation warhead with a kill probability exceeding 90%, the Igla-S can cause severe damage upon impact or proximity to the target.
Compact and Versatile
Weighing in at 18.5 kilograms with a length of 1.7 meters, the Igla-S is easily portable and operable by a single soldier. It can be launched from a tripod or vehicle-mounted launcher, and its integration with a fire control system and thermal imager enhances performance and accuracy.
Decoding India’s Choice: The Road to Igla-S
The decision to opt for the Igla-S missiles was grounded in a meticulous evaluation process initiated in 2010 under the Very Short Range Air Defence (VSHORAD) program. This program aimed to replace existing Igla missiles, providing a robust last line of defense against aerial threats. The contenders in the trials included offerings from Russia’s Rosoboronexport with Igla-S, France’s MBDA with Mistral, and Sweden’s SAAB with RBS 70 NG.
Following extensive trials that involved testing the missiles in different terrains and climatic conditions, the Igla-S emerged as the most cost-effective and capable solution. The deal faced challenges and delays, with complaints from competing contenders and the looming threat of U.S. sanctions under the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA). Despite these obstacles, the deal was successfully concluded in November 2023 during Russian President Vladimir Putin’s visit to India, showcasing the robust diplomatic ties between the two nations.
The Multifaceted Benefits for India
The acquisition of Igla-S missiles offers numerous advantages for India’s defense and security:
Enhanced Air Defense
The Igla-S missiles significantly bolster the Indian Army’s air defense capabilities, capable of neutralizing a spectrum of threats, including low-flying aircraft, drones, and cruise missiles.
Complementary Systems
Integrating seamlessly with existing air defense systems like Akash, Spyder, and Barak-8, the Igla-S contributes to a layered defense strategy, strengthening overall security.
Operational Flexibility
The Igla-S’s portability and quick deployment capabilities enhance the Indian Army’s operational readiness, allowing swift responses to evolving tactical situations.
Indigenous Production
Under the Make-in-India initiative, the deal involves not only the supply but also licensed production of Igla-S missiles within India, reducing dependence on foreign arms suppliers and fostering domestic defense manufacturing.
Strategic Partnership
The deal further cements the longstanding strategic partnership between India and Russia, both significant players in the global arms trade.
Navigating Challenges and Risks
While the Igla-S missiles bring substantial benefits, India must navigate potential challenges and risks:
CAATSA Sanctions
The deal could attract sanctions under CAATSA, impacting India’s relationship with the U.S., a crucial strategic partner. Managing this delicate diplomatic situation is crucial to preserving the broader strategic partnership.
Regional Tensions
The acquisition may escalate regional tensions, with neighboring China and Pakistan perceiving the Igla-S as a threat and responding with their countermeasures. Diplomatic efforts will be required to mitigate potential escalations.
Technological Limitations
The Igla-S may fall short against advanced and stealthy aircraft and drones possessed or under development by adversaries. Continuous technological advancements and upgrades will be necessary to stay ahead of evolving threats.
Conclusion: A Balanced Approach of India
In conclusion, the Igla-S missiles deal represents a significant leap forward for India’s defense capabilities, providing a robust and reliable air defense system. However, careful consideration of the associated challenges and risks is imperative. Striking a balance between strengthening national security and managing international relationships, India must navigate these complexities responsibly.
The successful implementation of the Igla-S missiles into India’s defense framework will not only fortify its defense but also serve as a testament to the nation’s commitment to self-reliance and strategic autonomy.
FAQs
What is the Igla-S missile system?
The Igla-S is a Russian man-portable infrared homing surface-to-air missile system. It is designed to target and destroy low-flying aircraft, helicopters, and drones.
What is the purpose of the Igla-S missile system?
The primary purpose of the Igla-S system is air defense. It provides infantry and other mobile units with the capability to engage and neutralize airborne threats, enhancing the overall air defense capabilities of ground forces.
How does the Igla-S missile system target aircraft?
The Igla-S missile system uses infrared homing technology to lock onto the heat emitted by an aircraft’s engines. This allows the missile to track and intercept the target with high accuracy.
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